Key Notes Of Endocrinology

 Key points in physiology of 

ENDOCRINOLOGY  

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👉 Insulin increases: 

✅ Glycogen synthesis, 

✅Fat synthesis, 

✅Protein synthesis etc. 

👉 Insulin is a: Hypoglycemic hormone 

👉Insulin is secreted by: Beta cells of pancreas 

👉 In fetus, secretion of insulin begins by: 3 months 

👉 Insulin secretion is inhibited by: Epinephrine 

👉 Delta cells of pancreas secrete: Somatostatin 

👉 Hormones acting on intracellular nuclear receptors: 

✅Steroids, 

✅ Thyroid hormones, 

✅ Vitamin D etc. 

👉cAMP mediates action of: 

✅ ADH,

✅PTH etc. 

👉 cGMP mediates action of: NO (cellular signalling molecule) 

👉Insulin acts throught: Tyrosine kinase activity 

👉 Hormones belonging to steroid receptor family: 

✅Vitamin D3, 

✅Thyroid 

👉Effect of parathormone:  

✅ Stimulates osteoclastic activity, 

✅ Augments absorption of calcium from the gut 

👉Effect of calcitonin: 

✅ Opposite to that of PTH, 

✅ Lowers serum calcium, 

✅ Acts by decreasing osteoclasis (bone resorption) 

👉Active form of calcium: Ionized form 

👉A decrease in concentration of free calcium ions in plasma results in: 

✅Increased neuromuscular irritability & tetani, 

✅ Chvostek's sign etc. 

👉ECG finding of hypocalcemia: Lengthening of the QT interval 

👉ACTH & TSH are secreted by: Anterior pituitary gland

👉 Vasopressin & oxytocin are released by: Posterior pituitary gland