Arwaah- Umoor E Tabiyya

 

Arwah (Spirits)

Ruh (Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained from the inspired air, it helps in all the metabolic activities of the body. It burns the akhlat latifah to produce all kinds of quwa (powers) and hararat ghariziyah, it is the source of vitality for all the organs of the body. These are considered to be the life force and are, therefore, important in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. These are the carriers of different powers, which make the whole body system and its parts functional.

Abhal (Junisperus communis) - Single Drug For B.U.M.S. 2nd Year

 

Key Notes Of Endocrinology

 Key points in physiology of 

ENDOCRINOLOGY  

📚📚📚📚

👉 Insulin increases: 

✅ Glycogen synthesis, 

✅Fat synthesis, 

✅Protein synthesis etc. 

👉 Insulin is a: Hypoglycemic hormone 

👉Insulin is secreted by: Beta cells of pancreas 

👉 In fetus, secretion of insulin begins by: 3 months 

👉 Insulin secretion is inhibited by: Epinephrine 

👉 Delta cells of pancreas secrete: Somatostatin 

👉 Hormones acting on intracellular nuclear receptors: 

✅Steroids, 

✅ Thyroid hormones, 

✅ Vitamin D etc. 

👉cAMP mediates action of: 

✅ ADH,

✅PTH etc. 

👉 cGMP mediates action of: NO (cellular signalling molecule) 

👉Insulin acts throught: Tyrosine kinase activity 

👉 Hormones belonging to steroid receptor family: 

✅Vitamin D3, 

✅Thyroid 

👉Effect of parathormone:  

✅ Stimulates osteoclastic activity, 

✅ Augments absorption of calcium from the gut 

👉Effect of calcitonin: 

✅ Opposite to that of PTH, 

✅ Lowers serum calcium, 

✅ Acts by decreasing osteoclasis (bone resorption) 

👉Active form of calcium: Ionized form 

👉A decrease in concentration of free calcium ions in plasma results in: 

✅Increased neuromuscular irritability & tetani, 

✅ Chvostek's sign etc. 

👉ECG finding of hypocalcemia: Lengthening of the QT interval 

👉ACTH & TSH are secreted by: Anterior pituitary gland

👉 Vasopressin & oxytocin are released by: Posterior pituitary gland