Wednesday, 10 February 2021

11th World Unani Day ๐Ÿƒ

 _*World Unani Day ๐Ÿƒ*_ 

 __* _is a global event taking place every year on February, 11th, which is the birthday of great  Unani scholar and social reformer_*_ 

*“Hakim Ajmal Khan”.*

The main objective of the celebration of said event is to pay tribute to the legendary for his wonderful contribution in the sustained development of *Unani system of medicine* in the country and rest of the world and to spread the awareness in masses and action about healthcare delivery through *Unani system of medicine* worldwide through its preventive and curative philosophy.

 ```~_Unani system of medicine is a science of life, a system of health and medicine which aims to assist people in living a healthy life._~``` ๐Ÿ‹️

*๐Ÿ“ŒIt provides knowledge of how to live longer and healthier life.*

These days whole world is undergoing a rapid change in its all spheres because of degradation of healthy eco system, nature and living beings are under strong survival stress due to severe uncontrolled pollution, climatic changes, population rise and other socio-economic reasons. And that’s why the quality of life is falling to the new low; incidents of deaths are reportedly increasing day by day all over the world due to non communicable and communicable diseases and other diseases are at alarming rate.

Life expectancy is falling in all ethnicities and countries, and this scenario is likely to get worsen day by day.

Maintaining the integrity of nature and human health is a big challenge in front of the world leaders. At this complex juncture, human beings are struggling to overcome these odds for survival. There is a strong need to look into the opportunities which are available in ancient Unani medical system, having outstanding potential to reverse the worsening health status across the world.

*Unani system of medicine cannot be ignored at this stage due to its holistic approach, safety profile, efficacy, easy availability and cost effectiveness.*


*Hakim Ajmal Khan (11th February 1868 – 29thDecember 1927)* was an eminent Indian Unani physician who was

*↪️a versatile genius,*

*↪️a great scholar,*

*↪️a social reformer,*

*↪️a noted freedom fighter,*

 an Unani medical educationist, and 

*founder of scientific research in Unani System of Medicine.*

To recognize his tremendous role and immense contribution in the development of Unani system of medicine, *the Ministry of AYUSH, government of India has declared his birthday as “World Unani Day”. He was one of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi.* Seeing his role in the foundation of *Jamia Millia Islamia*, he was appointed the university's first chancellor in 1920 and remained in office until his death in 1927. *He was the founding Member and President All-India Muslim League and President Indian Congress.*


*By profession he was a distinguished Unani:*


*●Clinician,*

*●Great Herbalist,*

*●Spiritual Healer,* *●Politician,*

*●Sufi and Poet.*

 Seeing the importance of this legendary, a part of the Unani Day celebrations, various activities including 

*○quiz competitions,* *○marathons, public* *○health talks,* *○writathon,*

 daily health tips for the general public and workshops are being organised across the country and abroad.

*First Unani Day was celebrated at Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM), Hyderabad in 2017.* During that event, the celebration included *CCRUM (Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine)* Awards distribution ceremony and a Two-day National Seminar on Skin Diseases and cosmetology in Unani Medicine at that time.

With the declaration of 11th February as Unani Day, the CCRUM started the scheme of AYUSH Awards in different categories for Unani system of Medicine on the directive of the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India in the year 2018.

As 11th February 2018 marks 150th birth anniversary of the legendary Hakim Ajmal Khan, it was decided by the ministry of AYUSH to celebrate the 2nd Unani Day in a big way. 

Now a-days, in various teaching and research institutions, awards and schemes are organised in government and non government patronage in the country and abroad on *World Unani Day.๐Ÿƒ*


 _*_*Hakim Ajmal Khan took great interest in the expansion and development of Unani sytem of medicine and built*_ 

3️⃣ important institutions:*_* 

*1️⃣the Central College in Delhi,*

*2️⃣ the Hindustani Dawakhana*

*3️⃣Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbiya College better known as Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, Delhi,*

which expanded research and practice in the field and saved the Unani System of Medicine from extinction in India.

 _*His continuous efforts infused a new energy, force and life into an otherwise decaying medical system under British rule.*_

Monday, 28 September 2020

Various drugs Keynote s

 ๐Ÿ“ŒHERBAL DRUGS that are used in diff. pathological conditions:


1️⃣Liquorice - anti-ulcer


2️⃣Ipecac - emetic


3️⃣Hyoscine, Cannabinoids - anti-emetic


4️⃣Senna, Cascara, Castor oil - treatment of constipation


5️⃣Gum guggul - anti-rheumatic


6️⃣Colchicum - Anti-gout


7️⃣Guggul lipids, Garlic, Oats - Anti-atherosclerotic


8️⃣8.Ephedra, Gingkoside B, Theophylline - Anti -asthmatic


9️⃣Vinca, Taxanes, Podophyllotoxins - Anti-cancer


๐Ÿ”ŸArtemesinin derivatives - Anti-malarial

 ๐Ÿ“ŒSome important #Drugs and its side effects:


Some important Drugs and its side effects: 


Grey Baby Syndrome- Chloramphenicol


 Pin Point Pupil-Morphine


Reyes Syndrome- Aspirin


Urine Coloration- Rifampicin


Frontal Headache- Indomethacin


Captopril-Persistent dry cough


Bleomycin-Pulmonary fibrosis


 Vancomycin- Red man syndrome


Nicotinic acid- Flush


Steven Johnsons syndrome- Allopurinol


sulphonamides-kernicterus


 aminoglycosides-ototoxicity


discoloration of teeth-tetracycline


doxorubicin & duanorubucin- cardiomyopathy.


 chloroquine- cardiotixicity


 doxycycline- esophageal ulceration


vincristine & vinblastine- neuropathy


cyclophosphamide- alopecia


cimetidine & spironolactone- gynaecomastia


Effects of drugs during pregnancy on fetus 


Antiepileptics- neuraltube defect


 Warfarin- cleft palate


 thalidomide- phocomalia


alcohol- cranial bone formation impairment


#ANTIDOTES 


benzodiazepine- flumazenil


 paracetamol- N-acetyl cysteine


 Morphine- naloxone


 nitrites- methylene blue


 organophosphorus compd.- DAM, PAM, Atropine


Atropine- Physostigmine


lead- BAL


cyanide- edetate+amyl nitrite


Some important #drugs and its #mechanism…


1. Nalidixic Acid-Prevent DNA synthesis


 2. Dapsone-Folic acid synthesis inhibitor


3. Vinca alkaloid-Mitotic Spindle formation prevention


4. anthracycline-Intercalation of DNA


5. Methotraxate- Folic acid reductase inhibitor.


 6. Warfarin-Vit k antagonist


 7. Zidovudine- Inhibits the enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing DNA replication


8. Metronidazole- disruption of helical structure of DNA


9. Tetracycline- Inhibits Protein synthesis by acting on 30 S unit of ribosome


10. Erythromycin- Inhibits Protein synthesis by acting on 50 S unit of ribosome


 11. Chloroquine- Binds and alters properties of microbial and fungal DNA


 12. Diazepam- GABA facilitator


 13. Acetazolamide- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor


14. Allopurinol- Xanthine oxidase inhibitor, inhibitor of uric acid


15. Fluconalzole- P450 enzyme 14ฮฑ-demethylase Inhibitor


16. Salbutamol-Beta 2 receptor agonist


17. Tolnaftate- Inhibit squalene epoxidase which is necessary for ergosteral syns of fungal cell wall


18. Griesofulvin-inhibits fungal cell wall activity


 19. Chloramphenicol-Inhibition of Prob- Replenish Brain deleted dopamine

 ↪️BASICS CONSIDERATIONS:


๐Ÿ’‰Blood coagulation factors๐Ÿ’‰ 

 

☑Factor I - Fibrinogen 

 

☑Factor II -  Prothrombin 

 

☑Factor III - Tissue thromboplastic 

 

☑Factor IV - Calcium ions 

 

☑Factor V  - Proaccelerin or labile factors

 

☑Factor VII - Proconvertin or stable factor 

 

☑Factor VIII - Antihemophilic factor,

 antihemophilic globulin 

 

☑Factor IX - Plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), Christmas factor 

 

☑Factor X - Stuart factor 

 

☑Factor XI - Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), antihaemophilic factor C 

 

☑Factor XII - Hageman  factor or glass factor 

 

☑Factor XIII - Fibrin stabilizing factor or Laki-Lorand factor

 ๐Ÿ“ŽPharmacology Suffixes

 

-amil: calcium channel blockers

 

-caine: local anesthetics

 

-cycline: antibiotics

 

-dine: anti-ulcer agents (H2 histamine blockers)

 

-done: opioid analgesics

 

-ine: antidepressants, calcium channel blockers

 

-ide: oral hypoglycemics

 

-pam: anti-anxiety agents

 

-oxacin: broad spectrum antibiotics

 

-micin: antibiotics

 

-mide: diuretics

 

-mycin: antibiotics

 

-nuim: neuromuscular blockers

 

-olol: beta blockers

 

-pam: anti-anxiety agents

 

-pine: calcium channel blockers

 

-pril: ace inhibitors

 

-sone: steroids

 

-statin: antihyperlipidemics

 

-vir: anti-virals

 

-xacin: antibiotics

 

-zide: diuretics

 

-zine: antipsychotics

Basic Remembering Points

 *Common Medical Abbreviations*


> *Rx* = Treatment

> *Hx* = History

> *Dx* = Diagnosis

> *q* = Every

> *qd* = Every day

> *qod* = Every other day

> *qh* = Every Hour

> *S* = without

> *SS* = One & half

> *C* = With

> *SOS* = If needed

> *AC* = Before Meals

> *PC* = After meals

> *BID* = Twice a Day

> *TID* = Thrice a Day

> *QID* = Four times a day

> *OD* = Once a Day

> *BT* = Bed Time

> *hs* = Bed Time

> *BBF* = Before Breakfast

> *BD* = Before Dinner

> *Tw* = Twice a week

> *SQ* = sub cutaneous

> *IM* = Intramuscular

> *ID* = Intradermal

> *IV* = Intravenous

> *Q4H* = (every 4 hours)

> *QOD* = (every other day)

> *HS* = (at bedtime)

> *PRN* = (as needed)

> *PO or "per os"* (by mouth)

> *Mg* = (milligrams)

> *Mcg/ug* = (micrograms)

> *G or Gm* = (grams)

> *1TSF* (Teaspoon) = 5 ml

> *1 Tablespoonful* =15ml

~ *DDx* =differential Diagnosis 

*Tx* =Treatment 

*RTx* =Radiotherapy 

*CTx* =Chemotherapy

*R/O* =rule out 

*s.p* =status post

*PMH(x)* =post medical history

*Px* =Prognosis 

*Ix* =Indication 

*CIx* =contraindication 

*Bx* =biopsy

*Cx* =complication...


*Knowledge About Blood*

1. Which is known as ‘River of Life’?

*Answer: Blood*

2. Blood circulation was discovered by?

*Answer: William Harvey*

3. The total blood volume in an adult?

*Answer: 5-6 Litres*

4. The pH value of Human blood?

*Answer: 7.35-7.45*

5. The normal blood cholesterol level?

*Answer: 150-250 mg/100 ml*

6. The fluid part of blood?

*Answer: Plasma*

7. Plasma protein fibrinogen has an active role in?

*Answer: Clotting of blood*

8. Plasma protein globulins functions as?

*Answer: Antibodies*

9. Plasma proteins maintain the blood pH?

*Answer: Albumins*

10. Biconcave discs shaped blood cell?

*Answer: RBC* (Erythrocytes)

*11. Non nucleated blood cell?*

*Answer: RBC* (Erythrocytes)

12. Respiratory pigments present in RBC?

*Answer: Haemoglobin*

13. Red pigment present in RBC?

*Answer: Haemoglobin*

14. RBC produced in the?

*Answer: Bone marrow*

15. Iron containing pigment of Haemoglobin?

*Answer: Haem*

16. Protein containing pigment of Haemoglobin?

*Answer: Globin*

17. Graveyard of RBC?

*Answer: Spleen*

18. Blood bank in the body?

*Answer: Spleen*

19. Life span of RBC?

*Answer: 120 Days*

20. Total count is measured by an instrument known as?

*Answer: Haemocytometer*

21. A decrease in RBC count is known as?

*Answer: Anemia*

22. An increase in RBC count is known as?

*Answer: Polycythemia*

23. A high concentration of bilirubin in the blood causes?

*Answer: Jaundice*

24. The disease resistant blood cell?

*Answer: WBC (leucocytes)*

25. Which WBC is known as soldiers of the body?

*Answer: Neutrophils*

26. Largest WBC?

*Answer: Monocyes*

27. Smallest WBC?

*Answer: Lymphocytes*

28. Antibodies producing WBC?

*Answer: Lymphocytes*

29. Life span of WBC?

*Answer: 10-15 days*

30. Blood cell performs an important role in blood clotting?

*Answer: Thrombocytes (Platelets)*

31. Vessels is called?

*Answer: Thrombus*

32. Anticoagulant present in Blood?

*Answer: Heparin*

33. A hereditary bleeding disease?

*Answer: Haemophilia*

34. Bleeder’s disease?

*Answer: Haemophilia*

35. Christmas disease?

*Answer: Haemophilia*

36. A type of Anemia with sickle shaped RBC?

*Answer: Sickle cell anemia*

37. Viscosity of Blood?

*Answer: 4.5 to 5.5*

38. Instrument used to measure haemoglobin?

*Answer: Haemoglobinometer*

39. Who demonstrated blood groups?

*Answer: Karl Landsteiner*

40. Who demonstrated Rh factor?

*Answer: Karl Landsteiner*

41. Blood group which is called Universal donor?

*Answer: O*

42. Blood group which is called Universal recipient?

*Answer: AB*

43. Blood group is most common among the Asians?

*Answer: B*


*MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY*


Everybody should know the basic functioning of Human Body and its main parts in order to express and explain their ailment to the Doctor and at the same time one should be able to understand the diagnosis expressed by the Doctor in the medical terminology. For easy recognition of the Compounded Words used in the Medical Terminology for naming the disease, Suffixes are added to Prefixes. For this hereunder giving you a few such prefixes for your ready reference and understanding. 


Prefix - Meaning 


*1. Adeno* - Glandular 

*2. An* - Not 

*3. Anti* - Against 

*4. Aorto* - Aorta 

*5. Artho* - joint 

*6. Bleph* - Eyelid 

*7. Broncho* - Bronchi 

*8. Cardio* - Heart 

*9. Cephal* - Head 

*10. Cerebro* - Brain 

*11. Cervico* - Cervix 

*12. Cholecysto* - Gall Bladder

*13. Coli* - Bowel 

*14. Colpo* - Vagina 

*15. Entero* - Intestine 

*16. Gastro* - Stomach 

*17. Glosso* - Tongue 

*18. Haema* - Blood 

*19. Hepa* - Liver 

*20. Hystero* - Uterus 

*21. Laryngo* - Larynx 

*22. Leuco* - White 

*23. Metro* - Uterus 

*24. Myelo* - Spinal cord 

*25. Myo* - Muscle 

*26. Nephro* - Kidney 

*27. Neuro* - Nerve 

*28. Odonto* - Tooth 

*29. Orchido* - Testis 

*30. Osteo* - Bone 

*31. Oto* - Ear 

*32. Pharyngo* - Pharynx 

*33. Pio* - Pus 

*34. Pneumo* - Lung 

*35. Ren* - Kidney 

*36. Rhin* - Nose 

*37. Spleno* - Spleen 

*38. Thyro* - Thyroid Gland 

*39. Urethro* - Urethra 

*40. Vesico* – Bladder


*Here are the suffixes used in Medical terminology. Check out!Suffix - Meaning*


*1. -aemia* : Blood

*2. -algia* : Pain

*3. -derm* : skin

*4. -dynia* : pain

*5. -ectomy* : removal

*6. -Itis* : inflammation

*7. -lithiasis* : Presence of Stone

*8. -malacia* : softening

*9. -oma* : tumour

*10. -opia* : eye

*11. -osis* : Condition,excess

*12. -otomy* : incision of

*13. -phobia* : fear

*14. -plasty* : surgery

*15. -plegia* : peralysis

*16. -ptosis* : falling

*17. -rhoea* : excessive discharge

*18. -rhage* : to burst forth

*19. -rhythmia* : rhythm.

*20. -stasis* : stoppage of movement

*21. -sthenia* : weakness

*22. -stomy* : outlet

*23. -tomy* : removal

*24. -trophy* : nourishment

*25. -uria* : urine


*Compounded Words - Meaning*


*1. Anaemia* - Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood 

*2. Analgesic* - Medicine which alleviates pain 

*3. Arthralgia* - Pain in a joint 

*4. Cephalalgia* - Headache 

*5. Nephralgia* - Pain in the kidney 

*6. Neuralgia* - Nerve pain 

*7. Myalgia* - Muscle pain 

*8. Otalgia* - Ear ache 

*9. Gastralgia* - Pain in the stomach 

*10. Pyoderma* - Skin infection with pus formation 

*11. Leucoderma* - Defective skin pigmentaion 

*12. Hysterodynia* - Pain in the uterus 

*13. Hysterectomy* - Excision of the uterus 

*14. Nephrectomy* - Excision of a kidney 

*15. Adenectomy* - Excision of a gland 

*16. Cholecystectomy* - Excision of gall bladder 

*17. Thyroidectomy* - Excision of thyroid gland 

*18. Arthritis* - Inflammation of a joint 

*19. Bronchitis* - Inflammation of the bronchi 

*20. Carditis* - Inflammation of the heart 

*21. Cervicitis* - Inflammation of the cervix 

*22. Colitis* - Inflammation of the colon 

*23. Colpitis* - Inflammation of the vagina 

*24. Cystitis* - Inflammation of the urinary bladder 

*25. Enteritis* - Inflammation of the intestines 

*26. Gastritis* - Inflammation of the stomach 

*27. Glossitis* - Inflammation of the tongue 

*28. Hepatitis* - Inflammation of the liver 

*29. Laryngitis* - Inflammation of the larynx 

*30. Metritis* - Inflammation of the uterus 

*31. Myelitis* - Inflammation of the spinal cord 

*32. Nephritis* - Inflammation of the kidney 

*33. Pharyngitis* - Inflammation of the pharynx 

*34. Blepharitis* - Inflammation of the eyelids 

*35. Cholelithiasis* - Stone in the gall bladder 

*36. Nephrolithiasis* - Stone in the kidney

*37. Osteomalacia* - Softening of bones through deficiency of calcium or D vitamin 

*38. Adenoma* -Benign tumour of glandular tissue 

*39. Myoma* - Tumour of muscle 

*40. Diplopia* - Double vision 

*41. Thrombosis* - Formation of a blood clot 

*42. Pyloromyotomy* - Incision of pyloric sphincter muscle

*43. Hedrophobia* - Fear of water(Rabies in humans)

*44. Neuroplasty* - Surgical repair of nerves 

*45. Pyloraplasty* - Incision of plastic pylorus to widen passage 

*46. Hemiplegia* - Paralysis of one side of the body 

*47. Nephroptosis* - Downward displacement of the kidney 

*48. Amenorrhoea* - Absence of menstrual discharge 

*49. Dysmenorrhoea* - Painful menstruation 

*50. Leucorrhoea* - Whitish vaginal discharge 

*51. Menorrhoea* - Menstrual bleeding 

*52. Haemorrhage* - Escape of blood from a vessel 

*53. Arrhythmia* - Any deviation of normal rhythm of heart 

*54. Cholestasis* - Diminution in the flow of bile 

*55. Haemostatis* - Arrest of bleeding 

*56. Neurasthenia* - Nervous debility 

*57. Cystostomy* - Surgical opening made into the bladder 

*58. Cystotomy* - Incision into the urinary bladder 

*59. Hypertrophy* - Increase in the size of tissues 

*60. Haematuria* - Blood in the urine 

*61. Glycosuria* - Presence of sugar in the urine 

*62. Albuminuria* - Presence of albumin in the urine

Wednesday, 12 August 2020

Arwaah- Umoor E Tabiyya


 


Arwah (Spirits)



Ruh (Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained from the inspired air, it helps in all the metabolic activities of the body. It burns the akhlat latifah to produce all kinds of quwa (powers) and hararat ghariziyah, it is the source of vitality for all the organs of the body. These are considered to be the life force and are, therefore, important in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. These are the carriers of different powers, which make the whole body system and its parts functional.

Abhal (Junisperus communis) - Single Drug For B.U.M.S. 2nd Year

 

Key Notes Of Endocrinology

 Key points in physiology of 

ENDOCRINOLOGY  

๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ“š




๐Ÿ‘‰ Insulin increases: 

✅ Glycogen synthesis, 

✅Fat synthesis, 

✅Protein synthesis etc. 


๐Ÿ‘‰ Insulin is a: Hypoglycemic hormone 


๐Ÿ‘‰Insulin is secreted by: Beta cells of pancreas 


๐Ÿ‘‰ In fetus, secretion of insulin begins by: 3 months 


๐Ÿ‘‰ Insulin secretion is inhibited by: Epinephrine 


๐Ÿ‘‰ Delta cells of pancreas secrete: Somatostatin 


๐Ÿ‘‰ Hormones acting on intracellular nuclear receptors: 

✅Steroids, 

✅ Thyroid hormones, 

✅ Vitamin D etc. 


๐Ÿ‘‰cAMP mediates action of: 

✅ ADH,

✅PTH etc. 


๐Ÿ‘‰ cGMP mediates action of: NO (cellular signalling molecule) 


๐Ÿ‘‰Insulin acts throught: Tyrosine kinase activity 


๐Ÿ‘‰ Hormones belonging to steroid receptor family: 

✅Vitamin D3, 

✅Thyroid 


๐Ÿ‘‰Effect of parathormone:  

✅ Stimulates osteoclastic activity, 

✅ Augments absorption of calcium from the gut 


๐Ÿ‘‰Effect of calcitonin: 

✅ Opposite to that of PTH, 

✅ Lowers serum calcium, 

✅ Acts by decreasing osteoclasis (bone resorption) 


๐Ÿ‘‰Active form of calcium: Ionized form 


๐Ÿ‘‰A decrease in concentration of free calcium ions in plasma results in: 

✅Increased neuromuscular irritability & tetani, 

✅ Chvostek's sign etc. 


๐Ÿ‘‰ECG finding of hypocalcemia: Lengthening of the QT interval 


๐Ÿ‘‰ACTH & TSH are secreted by: Anterior pituitary gland


๐Ÿ‘‰ Vasopressin & oxytocin are released by: Posterior pituitary gland

11th World Unani Day ๐Ÿƒ

 _*World Unani Day ๐Ÿƒ*_   __* _is a global event taking place every year on February, 11th, which is the birthday of great  Unani scholar an...